Carol Kaesuk Yoon Naming Nature the Clash Between Instinct and Science Review
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"The human being mind evolved to believe in the gods. It did not evolve to believe in biological science." – Eastward. O. Wilson
One reason I read few books is that they are normally written by man persons, and I have a dim view of the human person. On the other manus of course, books produced by editorial committee usually endure from their own incoherence and disorganization, which perhaps suggests an equally dim prospect for human being cooperation.
"Naming Nature" is written by a very axiomatic private and centers
"The man mind evolved to believe in the gods. It did not evolve to believe in biology." – E. O. Wilson
I reason I read few books is that they are usually written by human persons, and I take a dim view of the human person. On the other hand of course, books produced past editorial committee normally suffer from their own incoherence and disorganization, which perhaps suggests an every bit dim prospect for human cooperation.
"Naming Nature" is written by a very evident individual and centers on a unmarried organizing principle, described by the author as a revelation of sorts: that humans possess an intuitive native sense of the organisation of the "natural earth," a sense made manifest (though there much extended and elaborated) in traditional Linnaean taxonomy. Upon this the author hangs a sketch of the history of the naming and organization of the planet'southward species through Linnaeus, Darwin, Mendel, Mayr, numeric and molecular taxonomic methods, and finally contemporary (and wholly evolutionarily determined) cladistics and systematics.
Dr. Yoon connects her merits of an innate human understanding of biological organization with that adequately standard history-of-science narrative in terms of always an increasing conflict and contradiction, observing the descriptions of taxonomy growing always more afar and removed from life as experienced.
Then, with this widening gulf in heed, she turns to what she holds to be the public's indifference and/or incomprehension in the face of scientific authorisation's study on the planet's various biological crises (of bio-diversity, "the 6th great extinction," the health of non-biological natural systems, etc.), suggesting that this unresponsiveness is the result, at least in some significant part, of the growing distance between the premises and language of natural science and the public's "natural" sense of things.
All the same, much as this public policy dilemma might seem to be the intended pinnacle of her statement, that issue is not, evidently, the real indicate at all. The actual protagonist of "Naming Nature" is the "umwelt," a term Dr. Yoon has appropriated from the work of Jakob von Uexküll (1864–1944), an invertebrate researcher who early in the 20th century, apparently taking Kant to heart, began to focus on the phenomenology of the animals he studied, hoping to explore them "as subjects, non objects." (To the extent Uexküll became preoccupied with the internal dynamics of his species' umwelt, his work seems at present mainly grist for semioticians and cybernetic studies.)
And from this effort to map the cognitive feedback loops of ticks, body of water urchins and amoebae, Dr. Yoon has derived her own rather diminished human analog, that of our species' ostensible inborn ordering of the plants and animals we meet.
In describing her use of the term, Yoon enlists a fair amount of more or less suggestive evidence. Amongst the more persuasive: a universal similarity in the anthropological record of folk taxonomies, the wide case of human binomial naming (from pivot oak to New York to Lao Tze), and the dramatic miracle of discrete neurological deficit leading to the disability to name or recognize, exclusively, living things.
Those examples, however, stand among a flood of alleged umwelt manifestations in "Naming Nature," some registering nearly equally mere curiosities, if that: the "fact" that folk taxonomies and mayhap human being memory (as suggested by the listings of Dioscorides, her own husband and others) might self-limit at 500 to 600 genera, and that those folk taxonomies regularly correlate species as "brother," "sister," or "parent" species; that many not-human species are able to name, sort and communicate varieties of creatures (usually predators) active in their environments; that in a large-sample report students unfamiliar with the Huambisa language (of the Peruvian rain forest) scored a 58% hit rate identifying Huambisa species names as either fish or fowl; and that, of her ain daughter's beginning 25 spoken words, 13 of them referred to living things…
On the same tack as the last instance Yoon also considers the decoration of North American children's rooms (all those little bunnies, duckies, teddy bears and other stuffed animals) and the tales those children are told: "The Cat in the Hat," "Peter Rabbit," "Winnie-the-Pooh," etc.
And occasionally she wanders still farther afield, equally when (afterwards suggesting the mysteries of chicken sexing are somehow umwelt related) she considers the modern excellence in commercial taxonomy, the skills displayed in navigating a earth of brands and logos, the naming and recognizing of the creatures of commerce, the Nikes, McDonalds, One thousand&Ms, Fords, etc., citing along the way a Dutch study in which two year olds demonstrated their proficiency at identifying brands as afar from their lives as Mercedes, Heineken and Camel – a line of idea easily casting more doubtfulness on the biological essence of her umwelt theory than conspicuously reinforcing it.
As we've seen, Yoon often points to the child'due south apprehension of the natural world, and it might not be too unfair to characterize her umwelt claim in those terms: we humans possess a elementary, innate, likely hardwired style of perception for the organization of the species around us: There are trees. There are shrubs. There are flowers. There are birds, fish and creepy-crawly things. And not simply are there dogs, but there are poodle dogs, German shepherd dogs, daschund dogs, terrier dogs, etc. Non only copse but maple trees, and not only maple trees but silvery maple trees, ruby maple trees, Norway maple copse, etc. This is how we naturally think: rather like children, simply in a mode capable of Linnaean extension and sophistication.
Yet, Yoon reminds us, science has come to claim otherwise. At that place actually are no fish, per se, systematics instructs. Whales are related to camels and hippopotami, lungfish more akin to cows than salmon, birds are dinosaurs, etc. Our minds, she argues, have turned against themselves. The book'due south subtitle is: "The Clash Between Instinct and Scientific discipline."
So, what is Dr. Yoon describing?
Get-go of all she is describing what, notwithstanding Science'southward neat expedition from the prima facie to the occult, remains still nameless: the biota, the bios, the animal systematics (and so far) insists we are, the enormous assemblage of familiar cellular and subcellular routines occupying the planet's skin from miles below its surface to miles above it, much varied in accidentals but apparently essentially one in gist (if not quite in uncomplicated lineage), the many billion yr old multiform entity presently sending tracers (microbial, for the most office) out into and across our star system.
And when human being language (or English language at to the lowest degree) at concluding gives this thing a common name, will it be some defeat of our special "human nature" as manifest in Dr. Yoon's umwelt? A victory for our nonhuman identity? For the heed? For truth?
Then secondly, Dr. Yoon is describing the mind, the mind at work.
The obvious fact that the history of many, if not nigh man disciplines follows a trajectory similar to that of taxonomy is not commented upon. As these likewise have become increasingly specialized and esoteric, a good many of the recent claims of mathematics, astronomy, geology, microbiology, fifty-fifty homo history itself, might be seen equally equally absurd on their confront and likewise counter to our presumed and intuited understandings of the world.
(And the works of our hands? 100 floor buildings, 200,000 ton ships, mile long bridge spans? None of these are conceivable without modes of analysis far beyond the sensible, the familiar, the expected, the intuitive or the obvious.)
And is it considering this sort of discrepancy is so obvious that "Naming Nature" never names it? Or is it rather that if named, it might suggest something of a category error, at to the lowest degree by omission, on Dr. Yoon'due south office?
That there are discrete areas (of some kind) of the human brain strongly implicated in the naming and recognition of plants and animals (as there are as well for the naming and recognition of faces, facial emotions, colors, clothing, letters, trunk parts, tools, abstruse vs. physical entities, naturally occurring vs. manufactured entities, fruits and vegetables, place names, verbs, etc.) is, similar so many reports of anomia generally, strangely fascinating and almost irresistible in its apparent hint at some profound root of humanity, if not some deeper essence of mind and affair. But equally the above parenthetical itemize suggests, that detail aphasia is hardly unique.
Children can indeed be regularly fascinated with learning complicated dinosaur (and Pokeman) taxonomies, but those propensities (to whatsoever extent they are universal, or have universal analogs) neither seem exceptional nor hardly even remarkable in view of the larger mural of man cognitive development ranging from the acquisition of handedness, language and number, the flowering of complex make-believe and story-telling activities, through the hundreds of other stereotypical behaviors our species' children are thrall to.
Finally, whether or not Dr. Yoon has produced a convincing demonstration of the special corner of human phenomenology she has tagged the "umwelt," that demonstration would not be, in itself, an identification of the crux of "The Clash Between Instinct and Science." Dr. Yoon's umwelt (and her umwelt disharmonize) are ultimately only an example of something wider and deeper than the conflict between our apprehension of other species and the evolving sophistication of modern natural science, and that she does not bring herself to consider that broader view eventually leaves "Naming Nature" frustratingly lacking and disappointingly naive.
Information technology is hard of grade to fault a history of taxonomy for not unraveling the knots of human being consciousness, only Yoon has, quite self-consciously, stepped beyond any attempt at simple history and into that other larger realm. That divergence I have no argument with, contextualization is a skilful thing, investigation of the implicit ground of an statement a skillful affair. My argument is simply that Dr. Yoon never really does either, never passes beyond her umwelt antechamber, nor even acknowledges it equally such. Then amazed by the unexpected discovery of this umwelt space and the illumination information technology apparently provides, she never proceeds to qualify or contextualize the place itself.
Given the turn her volume took (to her own admitted surprise) I would have taken a single chapter (at to the lowest degree) of such context. A recognition of the peculiarities of human intellection more often than not, a bit of serious reflection on the relation of things, thought and linguistic communication and the business organisation of experience and perception, ideation and brainchild, on the nature of mind in brusque, even if not a full essay on phenomenology, critical philosophy, or electric current thinking in the philosophy or neurology of consciousness.
In the end though, perhaps I misspoke when suggesting the protagonist of "Naming Nature" was Dr. Yoon's umwelt. In a real sense the protagonist of "Naming Nature" is Carol Yoon herself and its story is that of her umwelt epiphany; information technology is a conversion narrative full of the biography, confused excitement and enthusiasm (along with a bit of naive prescription) conversion accounts regularly entail.
And like many converts to a newly discovered thou organizing principle – the Freudian or Marxist economy, the Masonic conspiracy or even the presence of an attentive deity – it seems Dr. Yoon cannot imagine the insights of her epiphany as ever existence less than cardinal to the history of life and heed on the planet, rather than only an aspect of it.
Somewhen perhaps all epiphanies require curing, all need to shrink a bit to exist finally and profitably integrated into a broader fabric of thought and understanding.
Even God mayhap, once met, has to be put in place. If so, likely also the activities of the superior temporal sulcus and the lateral fusiform gyrus.
...more thanThe bits about folk taxonomy and how people categorize life could take been an interesting volume.
Framing them in opposition to each other, though? At that place was lots of talk nigh the "devastation" of fish, of the idea that fish "don't be". Why? Flightless birds exist as actual, concrete creatures with features in common, and not classifying them together doesn't change their existence. You can group animals bas
The bits well-nigh the history of taxonomy as a science could accept been an interesting book.The bits nearly folk taxonomy and how people categorize life could accept been an interesting book.
Framing them in opposition to each other, though? There was lots of talk nigh the "devastation" of fish, of the idea that fish "don't exist". Why? Flightless birds exist as actual, concrete creatures with features in common, and not classifying them together doesn't modify their existence. You can group animals based on relatedness and too accept a mental group for animals that might eat you, regardless of how close crocodiles and bears are on your relatedness list. You can have a group of animals you lot call fish because of their advent/behaviour, and the fact that it'southward not a "real" group in other contexts isn't relevant at all to this ane.
Just... is there something I'm missing? Why wasn't this two interesting shorter pieces?
(She was disappointingly vague about the facts she did present, non giving anything similar plenty detail - when talking about where the brain stores information nigh living things vs constructed objects, but with no mention of anything that wasn't clearly delineated as i or the other, or of whether this was identical for people in cultures that consider some things I class as inanimate to be breathing, or whether this translates across cultures at all - and then the two theoretical books are unlikely to have been great, merely I would have enjoyed them more than.)
...moreThe
This is an interesting book. I'm mostly glad I read it, and while information technology held my involvement information technology is difficult to recommend others to read it. It rather felt similar there were three books mashed into i, ineffectively. The historical bits were the best and past far the almost interesting and coherently organized. Interspersed with the coherent parts were rabbit trails into the writer's own personal experiences and thoughts, monologues about evolution, and an odd fascination with the 'umvelt' (instinct?).The author's own personal experiences and thoughts were fine to read about merely would have been ameliorate had they been included in a memoir rather than a historical exploration of taxonomy. Her adherence to development, while beauteous, came across as cloying and a fervent try to convince herself that development really is truthful. She goes and so far as to telephone call it a fact and denigrates anyone who dares excogitate of an alternate explanation for the being of life. In the end, Ms. Yoon's platitudes meet as self-serving sacrifices to her god, Evolution.
But the real oddity of the book is the umvelt, which apparently is difficult to explain, because despite all her repeated attempts she never really accomplishes it. The subtitle of the volume includes the word instinct, and that seems as expert of an explanation as any behind the thought of the umvelt. Waxing long about the umvelt concluded upwards feeling like an try to say something new instead of being content to compile what could have been a nice account of the history of taxonomy. Just using the word instinct would have cut about fifty pages out of the volume and made it more readable.
In short, this volume needs more aggressive editing. In that location were long paragraphs that were unnecessary because they aggrandize on a simple idea that needed but a sentence to explain. The added explanations were tiresome and even a footling insulting; does Ms. Yoon view humanity as a collection of dimwits? There was an entire chapter (or was information technology ii?) on brain damaged people whose presence in the book baffled me. Ostensibly the chapters were there to explain the umvelt, but they served as a lark - albeit an interesting i - and felt like a cheap fashion to hit a target number of pages.
Then there was the death of the fish. Ms. Yoon harped on this theme so much, attention grabbing as information technology may be, that by the time she actually explained how 'the fish died' information technology was anticlimactic. The new-namers say you lot can't have a fish family unit because y'all need to include cows in with fish according to their fancy-pants evolutionary theory. No joke: cows go with the fish. Humans possibly go in the same grouping, but details on exactly how the new-namers divide the animal kingdom were very vague.
Over again, this is an interesting book and I learned a off-white amount about taxonomy. The historical function of the volume is very well-written and well worth reading, but if that is what y'all are looking for I imagine there are other books about there that better serve the purpose.
...moreMs Yoon goes further in blami A fascinating history of taxonomy from Linnaeus to attempted evolutionary taxonomy to numerical taxonomy to molecular(DNA)taxonomy and finally to the logical use of evolutionary clades. The writer while clearly in the scientific camp bemoans the loss of the more instinctive or intuitive method used past Linnaeus. She points out that anthropologists have discovered a certain cultural universality in the ordering of plant and animal species-- what she calls our "umweld".
Ms Yoon goes further in blaming biological scientific discipline and scientists for the loss of our "umweld" which she says has resulted in our crass indifference to the preservation of species and biological diverseness.
She even suggests that nosotros are responsible for much of species extinction due to this crass indifference-- while clearly species extinction has been a outcome of evolution since the beginning of life.
I recollect her arguments go strained when she claims our instinct for biological classification has been replaced by "brand recognition". I further recollect she misses the broader view that all of scientific investigation has become less intuitive or instinctive. Little of the most important science today would satisfy the old Baconian exam of direct seeing, sensing, tasting, etc. We take necessarily become much more dependent on the use of models, theories and stiff but indirect evidence. When science entered the study of the largest and smallest entities, Cosmology and diminutive and sub atomic physics, we had left behind the "umweld" which the author describes. That "umweld" is necessarily stuck in place and fourth dimension.
Withal, none of this is intended to eliminate the usefulness of our "umweld" in our daily lives. The analogy to Newtonian vs. Einstein views of gravity is very advisable. Newtonian physics works very well in our every solar day lives and its results can be taken with balls. We simple need to be aware of the limitation of our "umweld". ...more
Each functional component of an umwelt has a pregnant and so represents the organism'south model of the globe. It is too the semiotic world of the organism, including all the meaningful aspects of the world for any particular organism, i.e. it can be h2o, nutrient, shelter, potential threats, or points of reference for navigation. An organism creates and reshapes its own umwelt when it interacts with the world. This is termed a 'functional circle'. Th
From Wikipedia - a give-and-take of the word "umwelt":Each functional component of an umwelt has a meaning and so represents the organism'south model of the globe. It is also the semiotic world of the organism, including all the meaningful aspects of the earth for any particular organism, i.e. it can exist h2o, food, shelter, potential threats, or points of reference for navigation. An organism creates and reshapes its own umwelt when it interacts with the world. This is termed a 'functional circle'. The umwelt theory states that the listen and the world are inseparable, considering it is the mind that interprets the earth for the organism. Consequently, the umwelten of different organisms differ, which follows from the individuality and uniqueness of the history of every single organism. When two umwelten interact, this creates a semiosphere.
As a term, umwelt too unites all the semiotic processes of an organism into a whole. Internally, an organism is the sum of its parts operating in functional circles and, to survive, all the parts must work together co-operatively. This is termed the 'collective umwelt' which models the organism every bit a centralised system from the cellular level upwards. This requires the semiosis of any one role to be continuously continued to whatsoever other semiosis operating within the aforementioned organism. If anything disrupts this process, the organism will not operate efficiently. But, when semiosis operates, the organism exhibits goal-oriented or intentional behaviour.
Why is this of import? Because I felt similar the give-and-take was on every page of this book.
Despite the repetition that bugged me, this was quite interesting. It's a history and word of taxonomy (scientific classification) which sounds like really dry reading only information technology'south not. I learned a lot about Linnaeus, Darwin, Eastward.O. Wilson and the dissimilar types of taxonomy as they were developed through the years.
Scientific discipline lovers would relish this book.
...moreOverview of what I learned from this boo
I ended up really liking this volume a lot. I was afraid the writer was going to go a little too preachy on the demand for us to reconnect with the natural world in this 24-hour interval and age - simply it wasn't too much. I really similar the idea of the human umwelt (earth view) and I agreed with the author that at that place was room for both our view of the world (with fish) and the electric current taxonomies that have meant in that location is no fish category. The fish is dead. Long live the fish.Overview of what I learned from this volume
Basically, the thought is that humans accept a basic way of looking at the world - our umwelt - that organizes, categorizes, and names the natural world. Linneaus was very good at agreement this and initial natural taxonomies were based on this. Later on taxonomists nonetheless attempted to create taxonomies based on development, statistics, molecular similarities, and eventually Deoxyribonucleic acid to discover how related nature is to itself. Which moved our understanding of the world abroad from our umwelt making it more than the realm of scientists than united states of america. From this, we learned there is no category of "fish" and that a lungfish is more related to a cow than a salmon and that fungus is closer to mammals than plants. Things that fly in the face up of "sense." Simply information technology allows us to empathise the evolutionary similarities and relationships betwixt things. Information technology'southward not wrong. Just also it'southward non incorrect that at that place is a category chosen fish.
What did I have from this book? In that location'south a portion of the encephalon used to order living things that is carve up from that which orders inanimate things (which nosotros know from patients with localized brain harm). Supposedly brands/logos have replaced living things in our umwelt and I'd be interested to see if those same patients would struggle with logos or non.
The ending anecdote about the orca was lovely. I too used to feel that disconnection from nature when I was right in it, and she's right, it's never too late to make it touch with your umwelt.
The history of taxonomy was interesting to read nearly simply probably not something I'll deport with me.
...more thanYoon looks at how other cultures, especially archaic cultures, allocate nature; at what happens to people with brain injuries who lose the power to allocate nature; and how deference to scientists tin lead to a disconnection with nature. Her recommendation is to notice and capeesh nature in all its diversity and call what yous observe whatever yous like. A satisfying arroyo.
...moreThis book was well researched. At outset I thought it would be dry and hard to proceed merely the writer manages to give the unscientific reader a style to understand and enjoy the material being presented. The presentation of the history of taxonomy and scientific world of natural history could be quite boring merely Carol Kaesuk Yoon'south tongue in cheek remarks made the reading quite enjoyable. May we all find our umwelt in the natural world around u.s.a.
One of the best I take read his yrThis book was well researched. At first I idea it would be dry out and difficult to continue but the author manages to give the unscientific reader a way to empathize and enjoy the material existence presented. The presentation of the history of taxonomy and scientific world of natural history could be quite ho-hum simply Carol Kaesuk Yoon's tongue in cheek remarks made the reading quite enjoyable. May we all find our umwelt in the natural earth effectually united states of america
...moreInstead, it focuses on (and trying to preserve) the human umwelt (half dozen sense) on ordering the living things effectually them.
I immediately fell in dear with it. Total of wonder and data.
Highly recommend it.
After grad school, instead of getting a normal mail service-
Carol Kaesuk Yoon was born and raised in Massachusetts, spending much of her childhood roaming around in the forest behind her house, that or reading comic books. At Yale she studied biology so went on to get a PhD in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology at Cornell, where she did research on the development and genetics of fruitfly mating songs.After grad school, instead of getting a normal postal service-doctoral position, she became a fellow with a program that takes disgruntled scientific discipline graduate students and plops them down into news outlets to try out beingness journalists. She was sent to The Oregonian, Portland'south daily paper where, to her amazement, since the only news she regularly read was the arts section, she roughshod in love with science news writing.
The following winter, she started writing for The New York Times as a news clerk in the scientific discipline section until she left to become a regular and frequent contributor from afar here and distant at that place, lovely and interesting work where she was able to recollect and write nigh science for the Times, exist edited past and interact with some really smart and cool people, and alive wherever life took her.
And so in 2009, a longstanding fascination she had with taxonomy - which everyone thinks is dull and fusty, merely is actually a bizarre and ancient practice that reveals cardinal truths about what it is to exist man - led to the publication of her volume Naming Nature.
She has lived for almost 2 decades in Bellingham, Washington with her husband, Merrill Peterson, a biologist at Western Washington University, and their son. Their daughter has fledged and makes art. She writes, plays with the family's hypo-allergenic cat and reads. She also likes to go outside to look for animals, and she also spend a off-white amount of time messing with her typewriter collection.
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